NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN POULTRY
New castle disease is a viral disease. it can easy spread from one infected bird to another.
It is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV).
It effects both wild and domestic birds .it can be transmitted to humans.
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| Newcastle disease is killer disease in poultry |
HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE Disease
WHY THIS DISEASE IS KNOWN AS NEWCASTLE DISEASE?
AS this disease was first discovered in Java (Indonesia) and Newcastle (England) in 1962.
Then afterwards in western Scotland in 1896
First U.S case was reported in 1950
First outbreak in California in 2002-3
HOW NEWCASTLE DISEASE EFFECTS ECONOMICALLY?
Newcastle disease has many adverse effects economically
1.its precautionary measured are expensive
2. its precautionary measures are expensive to continue.
3.Repeated testing is required.
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
Morbidity refers to the ratio of disease in a population
Morbidity rate of Newcastle disease is 100%
Mortality refers to the death rate in a population
The mortality rate of Newcastle disease in 90%
The mortality rate may change due to certain reasons which are as follow
1. Virulence and strain
2. How the host responds to the virus
3. History of vaccination
4. Secondary infections
Numerous deaths may occur with 24-48hours
Death continues for 7-10 days .
SYMPTOMS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN CHICKENS
The symptoms depend upon the system which is targeted
It may target:
- Nervous system
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system
1.
Improper movements and walk
2. Frequent stumbling
3. Loss of balance
4. Abnormal head and neck movements
5. Partial or complete paralysis of legs or wings
It may have other clinical signs
· General weakness
· Prostration
· Diarrhea
· Drop in egg production also takes place
· Hemorrhagic internal lesions
· Necrosis and ulceration of lymphoid tissue
· Muscle spasms
· Head shaking
· Gasping and lethargy
· Circling
· Abnormal egg production
HOW NEWCASTLE DISEASE IS DIAGNOSED?
Newcastle disease is through laboratory tests
The tests may be:
1.
Virus characterization
2. Virus isolation
CLINICAL SIGNS IN HUMANS
· It may affect human:
· It causes human eye infection
· Excessive tearing
TRANSMISSION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE
As it is a viral disease it can be transmitted from one chicken to another mainly through
1. Feces
2. Body fluids (nasal discharge, mouth or eye discharge)
3. eggs
VIRUS IN AND OUTSIDE BODY
NDV virus can survive for a long time outside the body and remain inactive in the environment
Especially in low temperature and water
However virus is destroyed when ultraviolet radiations are introduced
When virus enters into body the symptoms are shown after 2-6 days
Is spreads rapidly in flocks
STRUCTURE OF VIRUS
· The virus is NDV virus
· It belongs to the family of PARAMYXOVIRIDAE
· It is enveloped RNA virus
· It has spherical shape
· It has helical capsid symmetry
TREATMENT OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE
· Add licorice in diet
· Use Calendula extract
· Vitamin A
· Some antibiotics are given to control secondary infections
PREVENTION
· Isolation of bird from flock
· Place bird in safe, comfortable, and warm environment
· Reduce stress and overcrowding
· Adaptation of strict quarantine measures
VACCINATION
There are number of vaccines available. Vaccine is best preventive measure against viral diseases so far.
Newcastle disease from our Youtube Channel: (mainly focused on herbal/natural therapy against the disease.)